Empirical Studies Using the Gender Role Conflict Scale-I (GRSC-I): 1984-2003

AUTHOR, DATE

SAMPLE

MEASURES OR VARIABLES USED WITH GRCS

Archer, Murphy, Foos, Jensen & Morgan (1985)

College students
N=417

Likert items assessing male attitudes toward women and changing roles

Arnold & Chartier (1984)

Canadian college students
N=146

Ego Identity Incomplete Sentences
Blank (EI-ISB)
Intimacy Categories Questionnaire Miller Social Intimacy Scale

Berlin (1988)

Black, white, & Hispanic unmarried fathers & their non- father peers N=181

Future Time Perspective Inventory Contraceptive Behavior Index

Borthick, Knox, Taylor, & Dietrich (1997)

Male and female students 18-24
N=621

Suicide Probability Scale
Bem Sex Role Inventory

Braverman (1990)

College students
N=572

Fraternity vs Non Fraternity Status
Upper class student vs. low class student

Campbell & Snow (1992)

Married men
N=70

Family Adaptability & Cohesion Evaluation Scale III (Faces)
Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS)

Chamberlin(1993)

Airline pilots
N=188

Cockpit Management Attitudes
Problem Solving Inventory
Authoritarianism Personality Scale
Least Preferred Coworker Scale

Chartier & Arnold (1985)

Canadian college students
N=143

Objective Measure of Ego Identity (OMEI)
Erickson's Psychosocial Inventor (EPSI)
Intimacy Subscale of EPSI
Social Intimacy Scale
Personal Attributes Questionnaire

Chartier, Graff & Arnold (1986)

Canadian college students
N=555

Hostility Toward Women Scale

Cournoyer (1993) & Cournoyer & Mahilik (1995)

Adult men; ages 35-45
N=98
College men
N=99

Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory
State Trait Anxiety Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory
Miller Social Intimacy Scale
Nebraska Scale of Marital Happiness

Davis(1987)

Undergraduate men
N=304

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Texas Social Behavior Inventory
Jackson Personality Inventory
Anxiety Scale
Garnets Sex Role Salience Measures

Ducat,(1994)

Undergraduate men
N=69

Political Gender Gap Scale
Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men Scale
Avoiding Femininity Subscale of the Brannon Masculinity Scale

Gertner (1993)

College Students
N=30

Gender Role Journey Scale (JRJM)

Good, Dell, Mintz (1989)

College Students
N=401

Attitude Toward Men Scale
Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale
Help Seeking Attitude and Behavior Scale

Good & Mintz (1990)

College students
N=401

Attitude Toward Men Scale
Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale

Good, Robertson, O'Neil,Fitzgerald, DeBord, Bartels, & Braverman
(1995)

3 samples of college students
N=107, N=555, N=397

Brannon Masculinity Scale
Fear-of-Intimacy Scale
Marlowe- Crown Social Desirability Scale

Good, Robertson, Fitzgerald, Stevens & Bartels (1996)

Counseling center clients
N=130

Symptom Check List-90-R

Good & Wood (1995)

College students
N=397

Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale
Help Seeking Attitude and Behavior Scale
Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale

Harris (1990)
Brooks-Harris et al. 1996

Male college students
N=142

Brannon Masculinity Scale
Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Help Scale
Help-Seeking Attitudes and Behavior Scale

Horhoruw (1991)

Indonesian men
N=65

Male Friendship Behavior Questionnaire

Kaplan (1992)

College juniors and seniors
N=196

Sexual Experience Survey (SES)
Likelihood to Rape or Force Sex Measure
Hypermasculinity Inventory
Hostility Toward Women Scale
Gender Role Journey Measure (JRJM)

Kim (1990)
Kim et al., 1996

Asian American College Men: Chinese, Japanese, & Korean Americans
N=125

Suinn-Lew Asian Self Identity Acculturation Scale
Personal Data Sheet
Ethnic Background

Laurent (1997)

Adult African American males
N=193

African Self Consciousness Scale
African American Acculturation Scale-33
Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory

Mahalik, DeFranc, Cournoyer, Cherry, & Napolitano (1997) (1998)

Undergraduate and other men in their twenties
N=115

Defense Mechanism Inventory
Defense Style Questionnaire-40

Mendelson (1987)

Alumni in their 20's and undergraduate engineers
N=303

Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Age-life stage

Moore (1993)

Non-alcoholic and alcoholic veterans and control group
N=64

Attitudes Toward the Male Role Scale
Emotion Scale
Expression of Emotion Scale
Masculine Gender-Role Stress Scale
Tennessee Self- Concept Scale

Nahon (1993)

Recently separated men
N=61

Yalom's Curative Factors Questionnaire
Symptomatic Checklist (SCL-90-R)
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Expression of Emotion Scale
Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire

Olsen
(1997)

Undergraduate men
N=101

State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory

O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David,& Wrightsman (1986)

College students
N=527

Personal Attributes Questionnaire

O'Neil, Owen, Holmes,Dolgopolov & Slastenin (1994)

American men
N=95
Russian men
N=174

Psychological Violence Scale
Personal Strain Questionnaire
Nationality

Rhoades (1985)

Men in late teens
N=170

Contraceptive Mutuality Index

Robertson & Fitzgerald (1992)

Male college students
N=435

UNIACT Techn. & Social Service Scales
Personal Attributes Questionnaire
Fisher-Turner Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale

Rounds (1994)

College students
N=165

Inventory of Psychosocial Development (Identity and Intimacy subscale)
Expanded Personal Attribute Questionnaire
Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

Sharpe (1993)
Sharpe & Heppner (1995)

Adult married, white collar men
N=88

Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory
State Trait Anxiety Inventory
Selye's Stress Symptom Checklist
Miller Social Intimacy Scale
Dyadic Adjustment Scale
Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Intimacy Subscale, Social Subscale
Personal Attributes Questionnaire

Sharpe & Heppner (1991)

Male college students
N=190

Personal Attributes Questionnaire
Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory
Miller Social Intimacy Scale
Austin Contentment/Distress Measure

Stillson, O'Neil, & Owen (1991)

Adult men of different classes, races, and age-life stages
N=134

Personal Attributes Questionnaire
Personal Strain Questionnaire
Index of Social Position
Age-life stage

Wall (1991)

Adolescent sex offenders, adolescents in custody, & high school non offenders
N=60

Bem Sex Role Inventory
UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3)
Attitude Toward Women Scale for Adolescents

Wisch, Mahilik, Hayes, & Nutt(1995)

College students
N=165

Counselor Rating Form
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI-O)
Sessions Evaluation Questionnaire
Attitudes Toward Help Seeking Scale

AUTHOR, DATE

SAMPLE

MEASURES OR VARIABLES USED WITH GRCS

Gullickson (1993)

Sex Offenders
N=177

Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire
Multiphasic Sex Inventory

Floyd, Van Dillen & Kilmartin (1994)
Kilmartin
(1994)

College Students
(N=122)

Thematic Perception Test
Sexual Experience Survey

Shepard (1994)

College Students
(N=127)

Somatic Symptom Checklist
Beck Depression Inventory
Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)

Rando, Brittan, Pannu
(1994) Also, see Rando et al, 1998

College Students
(N=198)

Rape Myth Acceptance Scale
Hostility Toward Women Scale
Sex Role Stereotyping Scale
Modified Sexual Experience Survey

Berko
(1994)

College Students
(N=197)

Cheek & Buss Shyness Scale Revised
Personal Attributes Questionnaire
Self-Disclosure Questionnaire
Scale of the Self Rating - subscale: PSE

Good, DeBord, Fischer & Heppner (1995)

College Students
(N=260)

Male Role Norms Scale
Problem Solving Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Social Support Inventory
(Satisfaction subscale)

Sileo
(1995)

Adult Men
(N=150)

Intimacy Scale
Close Friendship Scale

Rando, McBee, Brittan, Olsen-Rando, & Winsted
(1995)

College Students
(N=486)

Rape Myth Acceptance Scale
Sex Role Stereotyping Scale
Sexual Experience Survey
Sexual Function Inventory:
Subscale: Power Function

Thomson
(1995)

Abuse victims & non victims clients
(N=120)

Thematic Apperception Test
Mosher Sex Guilt Inventory
Social Cognition, & Object Relations Scale

Fischer & Good (1995)

College Students
(N=208)

Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Fear of Intimacy Scale
Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale
Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale

Jacobs
(1995)

College & Adult men
(N=107)

Attitudes Toward Women Scale
Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale
Perception and Attitudes Toward Sexual Harassment Scale

Torres
(1995)

Low SES Puerto Rican men
(N=84)

Puerto Rican Identity Scale

Wisch & Mahalik (1996) (1999)

Male Psychotherapists
(N=179)

Client rating Scales
Global Assessment of Functioning Scale
Vignettes of different clients with different sexual orientations and emotional expressions

Rando, Fangman, Olsen-Rando
(1996)

College Men
(N=486)

Mother-Father Peer Scale

Mahalik
(1996) (2000)

College Men
(N=101)

Checklist of Interpersonal Transaction (Revised)

Mintz & Mahalik
(1996)

Dual Career Family Men
(N=71)

Sex Role Orientation Inventory

Van Delft & Birk
(1996)

Military Men
(N=163)

Symptoms Checklist - 90R
Army Career Satisfaction Questionnaire

Wade
(1996) (1998)

College Students
(N=241)

Hopkins Symptom Checklist
Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory
Reference Group Identity Dependence Inventory

Fragoso
(1996) Fragoso & Kashubeck, 2000

Mexican American Men
(N=77)
Mexican Immigrants Men
(N=36)
Anglo Men
(N=109)

Hispanic Stress Inventory
Multiphasic Assessment of Cultural Constructs - Machismo subscale
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans II

Bruch, Berko, & Haase
(1996) (1998)

College Men
(N=101)

Cheek & Buss Shyness Scale Revised
Male Role Norms Inventory
Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire
Physical Appearance Evaluation Scale

Addelston
(1996)

Elite High school Students
(N=102)

Attitudes About Reality Scale
Women in Society Questionnaire
School Climate Instrument
Self Esteem Scale

Wade
(1996)

African American Men
(N=95)

Black Racial Identity Attitudes Scale

Blazina & Watkins
(1996)

College Students
(N=148)

Beck Depression Inventory
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory
Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale

Fischer, Tokar, Schaub
(1998)

Undergraduate men
N=243

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale
Sex Role Egalitarianism Scale
NEO Five-Factor Inventory

Hayes & Mahalik
(1998, 2000)

College men clients
N=99

Brief Symptom Inventory

Leka
(1998)

Latino college men
(N=164)

Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA-II)
Brief Latino Stress Scale
Multiphasic Assessment & Cultural Constructs - Short Form (MACC-SF)

Harnishfeger
(1998)

College men and women
N=358

 

Conflict Tactics Scale; Gender Role Conflict Scale - Female; Thompson's Self Report Items

 

 

Schwartz, Merta, Waldo, Bloom-Langell
(1998)

Hispanic male abusers
N=40

Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican American self esteem measure

Theodore
(1998, 1999)

Australian men across three age periods
(N=366)

Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory; Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; Miller Social Intimacy Scale; Satisfaction with Life Scale

Senn, Desmarais, Verberg, Wood
(2000)

Canadian

Adult men
N=195

Sexual Experience Survey
Hostility Toward Women
Marlowe-Crown Social Desirability Measure

Rape Myth Acceptance R Scale

Jome & Tokar
(1998)

Undergraduate and graduate men
N=100

Male Role Norms Scale
Index of Homophobia-Modified

Newman, Noumair, & Farber (1997)

Committed men & women
M=50, F=50

Silencing the Self Scale
Beck Depression Inventory
Personal Attributes Questionnaire
Marlowe-Crown Social Desirability Scale

 

 

Schwartz, Waldo, Bloom-Langell, Merta (1998)

Domestic violence offenders (N=67)

Accultration Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans-II (ARSMA-II); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Perpetrator Report/Victim Report; Critical Incident Questionnaire

Maton, Anderson, Burke, Hoover & Mankowski (1998)

Men in Mankind Project (N=42)

Brief Symptom Inventory; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Sense of Mastery Test; Life Satisfaction Scale

Life goal & self development items

Levant & Fischer (1995)

Male college students (N=195)

Male Role Norms Inventory

Borthick, Knox, Taylor, & Dietrich (1997)

Female college students (N=426)

Male college students (N=195)

Suicide Probability Scale; Bem Sex Role Inventory

Borthick, Knox, Taylor, & Dietrich (1997)

Female college students (N=462)

Bem Sex Role Inventory

Walker, Tokar, Fischer (1998, 2000)

College men (N=162)

Brannon Masculinity Scale; Macho Scale; Attitues toward Masculinity- Transcendence Scale; Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale; Index of Homophobia; Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale; Liberal Feminist Attitude Idealogy Scale

Fischer & Good (1998)

College men (N=195)

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale; Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment; PAQ - Quality of Attachment to Parents; Psychological Separation Inventory

Mahalik, Cournoyer, DeFranc, Cherry, & Napolitano (1998)

University students & others (N=115)

Defense Style Questionnaire-40; Defense Mechanism Inventory

Dunn, 1998

Men involved with men's groups (N=53)

Sex role Egalitarianism Scale; Demographic Questionnaire; Emotional Tolerance Score; Egalitarian Behavior Score 1&2

Swenson (1998)

Adult men (N=85)

Jourard Self-Disclosure Scale; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Father-mother Scale; Background Questionnaire

Covell (1998)

Undergraduate & graduate students (N=208)

Inventory of Parent & Peer Attachment; Revised Adult Attachment Scale; Ambivalent Sexism Inventory; Sexual Harrassment Attitude Scale; Likelihood to Sexually Harrass; Demographic Questionnaire

Gottfried (1998)

College men (N=26)

Adaptation of the Male Role Norm Scale

Durham Thompkins, &

Rando (1998, 2000, 2003)

College students (N=87) (N=343)

Internalized Shame Scale

Hetzel, Davenport, & Brooks (1998)

College men (N=446)

Perceived Social Support - Friend Scale (PSSFR); Social Support Behaviors Scale (SSB); Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL90R)

Bauman (1998)

College men (N=93)

Drinking Motives Questionnaire; Alcohol Consumption Measures

Pytluk & Casas

White ethnic college men (N=128); Racial & ethnic identified college men (N=153)

Cultural Identification Scale; Demographic Questionnaire

Jones (1998)

Gay men (N=131)

Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations; State Trait Anxiety Inventory _ Trait Form; Center for Edidemiogic Studies Depression Scale

Jo (2000)

Korean men (N=111) (N=191) (N=332)

Affect Intensity Measure; Emotional Expressivity Scale; Self Esteem Scale; Korean Sex Role Inventory; CES Depression Scale, Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale; Marlowe-Crowne Socvial Desirability Scale; Perception of Korean Male Gender Role

McAnulty (1998)

Australian fathers N=15

Male Role Norms Inventory

Miller Social Intimacy Scale

Van Hyfte (1999)

College men (N=37)

Fear of Intimacy Scale; Index of Homophobia; Intimacy Characteristic Questionnaire

Harris (1997)

Australian men in Tasmania N=67

Personal Attributes Questionnaire

Inventory of Interpersonal Problem

Mahalik &

Cournoyer (2000) 

 College men

N=54

 Beck Depression Scale

 Tokar & Jome (1998)

Undergraduate &

Graduate men

N= 212

 Male Norms Scale

IHP-M Homophobic Attitudes

Self Directed Search

Male Dominance Index

 Simonsen, Blazina, &

Watkins (2000)

 Gay men N = 117

 Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Help

Hopkins Symptom Checklist

 

Lagan & Mahalik,

1999, 2001

 

Catholic & Seminarian men N=151

 

Gender Role Stress Scale

Intrinsic & Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale

Spiritual Well-being Scale

 Nenos-Cernich, Massoth, et al., 1999

 College men N=157

 Male Role Norm Inventory

 Torres, Solberg, & Carlstrom, 1999, 2002

 Hispanic/Latino men N= 148

 Short Accultruation Scale for Hispanics

Personal Attributes Questionnaire

Macho Scale

Mirande Sex Role Inventory

 Napolitano, Mahalik, & Kenny, 1999

 Young adulthood men N=146

 Measures of Psychosocial Development

Parental Attachment Questionnaire

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale

 Peterson, 1999

 Veteran men N=146

 Bem Sex Role Inventory

Beck Depression Inventory

Symptom Checklist 90-R

Number of cigarettes smoked

 Hayashi, 1999, study 1

  Japanese students N =213

 Male Role Norm Inventory

Trait Anxiety Inventory

Beck Depression Scale

20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale

Self Esteem Scale

 Hayashi, 1999 study 2

 Japanese men N=270

 

 

 Japanese version of the GRCS (JGRCS)

Japanese version of the MRNI (JMRNI)

Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Self Esteem Scale

  Heesacker et al., 1999

 College men N=38

 Beliefs About Men's Emotions Scale

 Wade & Gelso, 1998

College men N=344 

 Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status

Self Esteem Inventory

Social Anxiety Scale

Hopkins Symtoms Checklist-25

Reference Group Identity Dependence Scale

 Dillon & Good, 1999

 College men N=443

 Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale

Inventory to Diagnose Depression

Fear of Intimacy Scale & SCL-90R

 

 

 McMahon et al, 1999, 2000

 Drug dependent fathers N=55

Inventory of Father Involvement

Satisfaction with Fathering Scale

Shame and Guilt Scale

Conflict Tactics Scale: Nogotiation

Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

NEO Five Factor Inventory

 DeFrance & Mahalik, 1999, 2002

 Adult males N=231

And their fathers N=41

 Parental Attachment Questionnaire

Psychological Separation Questionnaire

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale

Estimates of Fathers' Gender Role Conflict & Stress

 Harris, 1997

 Adult Australian men N=67

 Personal Attributes Questionnaire

Interpersonal Problems-Intimacy Scale

 Bergen, 1996 

College Students N= 247 

 Ways of Coping Questionnaire

 Birthistle, 1999

 Adult Irish men N=40

 COPE (Coping Inventory)

The Hopelessness Scale

 Reiman, 1999

 Adult men N=123

 The Religious Orientation Scale

 Todryk, 1999

 Male sex offenders N=168

 Mutiphasic Sex Inventory

Gender Role Journey Measure

Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire

  Gulder 1999

 German men N=115

 Bem Sex Role Inventory (German short form)

Sex Role Orientation Scale (German Translation)

 Segalla, 1995

 College men N=202

 Test of Self Conscious Affect

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale

Attitudes Toward Professional & Psych. Help

Expectations of Counseling - Short Form

 Bursely, 1996

 College men N=202

 Coopersmith Self-Eteem Inventory

Counseling Questionnaire

Attitudes Toward Professional & Psych. Help

Problem Checklist

Beck Depression Inventory

State-trait Anxiety Inventory

Moradi et al., 2000

College men N=702

 Structural validity of the GRCS

 

Rochlen, 2000, 2002; Rochlen & O'Brien, 2000, 2002 

 

 

 

College men N=310

 

Career Decision Profile, Counselor Rating Form (Short), Attitudes Toward Career Counseling Scale, Counseling Approach Evaluation Form

 Gomez Ortiz, 2000

 

 

 Columbian men N=26

 Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Spielberger Hostility Scale

Depression subscale SCL-9-

  Blazina & Watkins,

2000

 College men N=172

 Inventory of parent and Peer Attachment; Separation/Individuation Inventory

 Tokar, Fischer, Schaub, Moradi, 2000

 College men N=300

 Masculine Gender Role Stress NEO Five_Factor Inventory (Form S), Brief Symptom Inventory, Attitudes Toward Professional Psychological Help, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, Extended Personal Attributers Questionnaire

 

Gough, 1999

 

Austrailian men

N=189

 

Male Role Norm Inventory, The General Well Being Scale

Burke, 2000  

 

 

 Adult men N= 90

 Brief Symptom Inventory (Short Form), Symptom Checklist -90, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale

Martin, 2000

 College men N=66

 Brannon Masculinity Scale, course selection

 Korcuska, 2000, 2003

 

 

 College men N=222

 Alcohol norms, problems, & intensity questionniare items, GPA, Time spent studying, Age of first drink

 

Alexander, 1999

 

 

Adult men N=179

 

Masculine Idealogy Scale, Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Kansas Fathering Satisfaction Scale, Parent Performance Subscale

 Tate, 1998

 English men N=82

 Beck Depression Inventory, Significant Others Scale (Social Support)

Tsai, 2000 

 Taiwanese men N=737

 Attitude Toward help Seeking Scale

Brewer (1998) 

 African American men (N=104)

 Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale, Hopelessness Scale, Brannon Masculinity Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Hollingshead Two factor Index of Social Position

Scott, 2001 

 College Students N= 135

 Structural Family Interaction Scale

Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory

Van Hyfte & Rabinowitz , 2001 

 Undergraduate men

College frat. men

Gay men N= 158

 Miller Social Intimacy Scale

Friendship-Intimacy Questionniare

Mertens, 2000, 2001  

 Depressed outpatient men N=51

Internal medicine patients N=50

 Beck Depression Scale

State Trait Anxiety Inventory

Mahalik et al., 2001 

College and adult men in U.S. & Austrailia N=325

 Miller Social Intimacy Scale

Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory

 Coonerty-Femiano et al., 2001

 

 

 

 

 Adult male sexual abuse survivors (N=11) and other adult men

  Symptoms Checklist 90, Trauma Symptom Checklist;

Beck Depression Inventory; Beck Anxiety Inventory;

Sheehan Disability Index; Anxiety Sensitivity Index

Englar-Carlson, 2001a; 2001b  

 

 

 College students N=231

 Sex Role Eqalitarianism Scale; Attitudes Toward Helping Seeking Scale; Thoughts about Psychotherapy Scale

Rochlen, Blazina, Rajhunathan, 2001, 2002 

Bruch, 2002

College Men N=169

 College men N=117

 Career Decision Scale; Attitudes Toward Career Counseling Scale; Positive-Negative Affect Scale; Career Advertising Evaluation Questionnaire

Social Retience Scale (Shyness)

Toughness Norms Scale, Bem Sex Role Inventory, Open Scale (Self Disclosure; Written Role Play Performance Test

Wester, 2000; 2001 

 Counseling Interns

N=103

 Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory

Counseling Self Efficacy Inventory

Cashia, 2001  

 Maltese adult men

N= 156)

 Relationship Questionnaire (Attachment Style)

Shepard, 2002 

 Catholic college

Students N=111

 Beck Depression Inventory

Naranjo, 2001 

 College, gay, &

Violent men N= 150

Brannon Masculinity Scale; Personal Attributes Questionnaire; Chronic Self Destructiveness Scale

Marrocco, 2001

   

 51 father-son pairs

 Mutual Psychological Development Questionnaire; Interpersonal Reactivity Index; Parental Bonding Instrument

Liu, 2000; 2002 

 Asian American men N=323

 Male Role Norm Inventory; People of Color Racial Identity

Attitude Scale; Quick Discrimination Index

Jakupcak, Lisak, Roemer, 2002 

 College students

N=165

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale; male Role Norm Scale; Male Role Norms Inventory (revised); Conflict Tactic Scale

Dodson, 2001  

 School Counselors

N=100; Mechanical engineers N=100

 Job in General Scale; Occupational Choice Dilemma Inventory; Socioeconomic Index; Male Dominance Index; Male Role Norm Scale

Generali, 2002 

 College student substance abusers N=64

 Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional-Psychological Help Scale

Schwartz, 2001 

 College students N=112

Relationship Questionnaire

Kang, 2001

 

 

 Korean college students, N=303

 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Center for Epid. Studies Depression Scale; Marlowe-Crown Social Desirability Index;

Alcohol-Tobacco Questions

 Gale, 1999

 College students N=245

 Male Role Norms Inventory

Davis, 1997 

 College fraternity men (N=?)

Rape Myths Acceptance Questionnaire; Attitudes Towards Women Scale; Comprehension of consent questions

Buckner, 1999  

 College men (N=413)

 Traditional-Liberated Masculine Attitude Scale; Acquaintance Description Form - Revised

Mendoza, 2000 

 Male batterers (N=109)

Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional & Psychological Help; Reference Group Identity Dependence Scale; Exaggerated Self Reliance and Control Obsession of the Masculine Behavior Scale

 Murphy, 2001

 Mental health clinicians (N=178)

Self Ratings and rating on traditional man

  Selby, 1999

 College men N=?

 Narcissism adjustment; Attachment Scale

Hurst, 1997 

 

 

 College men N=259

 Preference for and Expectation of Therapy Orientation

Celentana, 2000 

 Couples N=130

Miller Social Intimacy Scale; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; Beck Depression Scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Trait Measure

Lily, 1999  

 African American men N=80

 African American Acculturation Measure; Race/Gender Identity Scale

Blazina, Pisecco, ONeil, 2002 

 Adolescent boys N=339

GRCS for Adolescents; Connors-Wells Adolescent Self Report Scale

Kelly, 2000 

 Adult men N=188

Beck depression Scale; Measure of Hopelessness

Lontz, 2000

   

 Retired men N=159

 Male Role Norm Scale; Hoffman Gender Scale;

Psychological Well Being Measures

Cadenhead, 2002

 Adolescent emotional disturbed boys N=68

 Gender Role Conflict Scale-A; Connors-Wells Adolescent Self Report Scale

Eicken & Boswell, 2002 

 College men N=179; College Women N=176

Toronto Alexithymia Scale; Emotional Intelligence Scale; Mirville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale  Short From

Swartz, Buboltz, Seeman, Flye, 2002 

 Prison inmates N=336

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory

Eicken et al, 2002 

 College men N=

275; College women N=299

Personal Attributes Questionnaire

 

 

 

 Breiding & Smith, 2002

 Couples N=59

Dyadic Adjustment Scale; Marital Happiness Scale; Beck Depression Scale; Positive & Negative Affect Scale

Englar-Carlson & Vandiver, 2002 

 College students N=363

Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale; Sex-Role Eqalitarianism Scale

Kearney, Rochlen, & King, 2002 

 College students N=98

Sexual Harassment Awareness Scale; Sexual Harassment Attitude Scale

Ervin & Lease, 2002 

 African American adult men N=54; European American N=73

Personal Data Questionnaire

 Galasso, 2002

 

 

 Working adult males N=100

Attitudes Toward The Family Leave Act

 

Vu, 2000

 Vietnamese American men N=124

Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identification Acculturation Scale; Shame-Proneness Scale; Center for Epid. Studies Depression Scale; Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale; Positive Relations with Others Scale

Faria, 2002 

 Porteguese Highschool students N= 300

Personal Attributes Questionnaire

Mahalik et al., 2003 

 College Students N=269

Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory

 

Monk & Ricciardelli, 2003

 Australian Men N=160

Male Role Norms Scale; Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale; Alcohol Use Disorder Test; Short Form Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test; Cannabis Use Scale; Drug Abuse Screening Test; Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale

Rochlen, Land, Wong, 2003 

 College men N=191

Counselor Rating Form (Short); Attitudes Toward Professional and Psychological Help Seeking; On Line Attitude Counseling Scale; Counseling Approach Evaluation Form

Courtenay & McCreary, 2003 

 76 low risk and 79 high risk college men

Masculine Ideology Scale; Health Risk Category Questions

Berger, 2002 

 College and adult men N= 155

Male Role Norms Inventory-R; Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire; Attitudes Toward Professional and Psychological Help Seeking

Ervin, 2003 

 Gay men N=227

Internalized Homonegativity Inventory; Psychological Well Being

Patton, 2002 

 College students N=72

Parent-Child Relationship Inventory; Personal Attributes Questionnaire

 Silva, 2002

 Male and Female Latino and Latina college students N=174

Triandis & Gelfand Indvidualism-Collectivism Scale (World View); Malcarnes Scale of Ethnic Experience

White, 2002 

 Black Men N= 271

Cross Racial Identity; Attitudes Toward Professional & Psychological Help Seeking

Shepard, 2001 

 96 heterosexual men & 102 gay men

Psychological Well Being Measure; Attitudes Toward Professional & Psychological Help Seeking

Christensen, 2001 

 Adolescent boys

N=?

Gender Role Conflict Scales for Adolescents

Adjective Checklist